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Eingreif division
''Eingreif'' division was a type of German Army formation of World War I established in 1917, which was responsible for engaging in immediate counter-attacks against enemy troops who broke through a defensive position being held by a "front-holding" division (ドイツ語:''Stellungsdivision'').
==Definition==
ドイツ語:''Eingreif'' is generally translated as counter-attack but the term has more connotations. In German military doctrine, it includes a sense of intervening decisively and is better understood as meaning interlocking. The term was adopted during the Battle of Arras (1917) as a replacement of an earlier term ドイツ語:''Ablösungsdivision'' (relief division) to end confusion over the purpose of divisions held in reserve.
During the First World War, the German army maintained a distinction between an organised counter-attack (ドイツ語:''Gegenangriff'') and a hasty counter-attack (ドイツ語:''Gegenstoss''). A ドイツ語:''Gegenangriff'' implied a formal, deliberate attack with full preparatory artillery fire. A ドイツ語:''Gegenstoss'' was a hasty or immediate counter-thrust, to prevent an opponent from consolidating captured positions. The principal task of an ドイツ語:''Eingreif'' division was to conduct the more immediate ドイツ語:''Gegenstoss'' engagements, if troops held in reserve by the ドイツ語:''Stellungsdivision'' were insufficient to restore the position. To counteract the effect of an enemy penetration, these divisions were placed in readiness behind the trench system.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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